An Examination of the Application of Cannabis in Therapeutic Use for Parkinson's syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2025772Keywords:
Prescription drug, Marijuana, Mood, Obesity, Cognitive Functio006E, FatigueAbstract
The consequences of cannabis usage on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are still substantially uncertain despite recognizing that Cannabis was used for thousands of years as a medication. The evaluation of cannabis usage PD and MS, and a comparison of cannabis users' and non-users' self-reported assessments of neurological impairment were primary goals of this research. The survey contained standardized questions to collect information on demographics and Cannabis use questionnaires to evaluate participants' physical activity levels, neurological function, and weariness. Linear regression, Hierarchical Regression, and ANCOVA analysis of variance were employed in research. Were 900 respondents in a final data set. Cannabis consumers today were younger and less inclined to be considered fat. Regarding Emotional Variability, Cognitive Function, and Fatigue, cannabis users reported decreased degrees of disability. Cannabis may benefit PD and MS patients' Emotional Variability, Cognitive Function, Fatigue, and Physiological Weight. PD and MS patients' cannabis use: long-term advantages and downsides, and determining if these relationships are causal, more research is required to utilize longitudinally and clinically measured assessments among these domains.
References
1. Yenilmez F, Fründt O, Hidding U, Buhmann C. Cannabis in Parkinson’s disease: the patients’ view. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease. 2021 Feb 2;11(1):309-21. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-202260
2. Erga AH, Alves G, Leentjens AF. The ePark study protocol: a decentralized trial of individual video-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for depressive disorder in Parkinson's disease. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. 2023 Apr 1;32:101080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101080
3. Jiang X, Zhang L, Liu H, Su H, Jiang J, Qiang C, Wang Q, Qu X, Sun W, Bi H. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2023 May 1;13(5):e068019. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068019
4. Fründt O, Hanff AM, Möhl A, Mai T, Kirchner C, Amouzandeh A, Buhmann C, Krüger R, Südmeyer M. Device-Aided Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease—Results from the German Care4PD Study. Brain Sciences. 2023 May;13(5):736. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050736
5. Lee YZ, Cheng SH, Chang MY, Lin YF, Wu CC, Tsai YC. Neuroprotective effects of lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in a mouse model of parkinson’s disease: The role of gut microbiota and microRNAs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Apr 5;24(7):6794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076794
6. Zhao J, Gao X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu S. Effects of Cannabidiol on Parkinson’s Disease in a Transgenic Mouse Model by Gut‐Brain Metabolic Analysis. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;2022(1):1525113. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1525113
7. Costa AC, Joaquim HP, Pedrazzi JF, Pain AD, Duque G, Aprahamian I. Cannabinoids in late life Parkinson’s disease and dementia: Biological pathways and clinical challenges. Brain Sciences. 2022 Nov 22;12(12):1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121596
8. Thanabalasingam SJ, Ranjith B, Jackson R, Wijeratne DT. Cannabis and its derivatives for the use of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2021 May; 14:17562864211018561. https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864211018561
9. Buhmann C, Mainka T, Ebersbach G, Gandor F. Evidence for the use of cannabinoids in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2019 Jul 1;126:913-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-02018-8
10. Kindred JH, Li K, Ketelhut NB, Proessl F, Fling BW, Honce JM, Shaffer WR, Rudroff T. Cannabis use in people with Parkinson’s disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A web-based investigation. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2017 Aug 1;33:99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.07.002
11. de Almeida, C.M.O., Brito, M.M.C., Bosaipo, N.B., Pimentel, A.V., Sobreira-Neto, M.A., Tumas, V., Zuardi, A.W., Crippa, J.A.D.S., Hallak, J.E.C. and Eckeli, A.L., 2023. The effect of cannabidiol for restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in Parkinson's disease patients with REM sleep behavior disorder: A post hoc exploratory analysis of phase 2/3 clinical trial. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 8(2), pp.374-378. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2021.0158
12. Aladeen TS, Mattle AG, Zelen K, Mesha M, Rainka MM, Geist T, Myers B, Mechtler L. Medical cannabis in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2023 May 1;46(3):98-104. DOI: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000550
13. Carrasco, A.J.P., Waldthaler, J., Mügge, F., Timmermann, L. and Pedrosa, D.J., 2023. Non‐lesional treatments for tremor in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. European Journal of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15823
14. Thakur M, Dhanalakshmi S, Kuresan H, Senthil R, Narayanamoorthi R, Lai KW. Automated restricted Boltzmann machine classifier for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using digitized spiral drawings. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2023 Jan;14(1):175-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04361-3
15. Pattnaik F, Nanda S, Mohanty S, Dalai AK, Kumar V, Ponnusamy SK, Naik S. Cannabis: Chemistry, extraction and therapeutic applications. Chemosphere. 2022 Feb 1;289:133012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133012
16. Legare, C.A., Raup-Konsavage, W.M. and Vrana, K.E., 2022. Therapeutic potential of Cannabis, cannabidiol, and cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology, 107(3-4), pp.131-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521683
17. Legare, C.A., Raup-Konsavage, W.M. and Vrana, K.E., 2022. Therapeutic potential of Cannabis, cannabidiol, and cannabinoid-based pharmaceuticals. Pharmacology, 107(3-4), pp.131-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000521683
18. Aziz AI, Nguyen LC, Oumeslakht L, Bensussan A, Ben Mkaddem S. Cannabinoids as immune system modulators: cannabidiol potential therapeutic approaches and limitations. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 2023 Apr 1;8(2):254-69. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2022.0133
19. Wang L, Wu X, Yang G, Hu N, Zhao Z, Zhao L, Li S. Cannabidiol alleviates the damage to dopaminergic neurons in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via regulating neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Neuroscience. 2022 Aug 21;498:64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.036
20. De Faria SM, de Morais Fabrício D, Tumas V, Castro PC, Ponti MA, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Chagas MH. Effects of acute cannabidiol administration on anxiety and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2020 Feb;34(2):189-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119895536
21. Bougea A, Koros C, Simitsi AM, Chrysovitsanou C, Leonardos A, Stefanis L. Medical cannabis as an alternative therapeutics for Parkinsons’ disease: Systematic review. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2020 May 1;39:101154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101154
22. Deuel LM, Seeberger LC. Complementary therapies in Parkinson disease: a review of acupuncture, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Yoga, and Cannabis. Neurotherapeutics. 2020 Oct 1;17(4):1434-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00900-y
23. Choi S, Huang BC, Gamaldo CE. Therapeutic uses of cannabis on sleep disorders and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2020 Jan 1;37(1):39-49. DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000617
24. do Nascimento GC, Ferrari DP, Guimaraes FS, Del Bel EA, Bortolanza M, Ferreira-Junior NC. Cannabidiol increases the nociceptive threshold in a preclinical model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology. 2020 Feb 1;163:107808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107808
25. Leehey MA, Liu Y, Hart F, Epstein C, Cook M, Sillau S, Klawitter J, Newman H, Sempio C, Forman L, Seeberger L. Safety and tolerability of cannabidiol in Parkinson disease: an open label, dose-escalation study. Cannabis and cannabinoid research. 2020 Dec 1;5(4):326-36. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2019.0068
26. Thanabalasingam SJ, Ranjith B, Jackson R, Wijeratne DT. Cannabis and its derivatives for the use of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 2021 May;14:17562864211018561. https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864211018561
27. Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Guimarães FS, Tumas V, Dos Santos RG. Is cannabidiol the ideal drug to treat non-motor Parkinson’s disease symptoms?. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. 2019 Feb 1;269:121-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-019-00982-6
28. Klumpers LE, Thacker DL. A brief background on cannabis: From plant to medical indications. Journal of AOAC International. 2019 Mar 1;102(2):412-20. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0208
29. Thakur M, Dhanalakshmi S, Kuresan H, Senthil R, Narayanamoorthi R, Lai KW. Automated restricted Boltzmann machine classifier for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using digitized spiral drawings. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2023 Jan;14(1):175-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-04361-3
30. Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z. Roles of the cannabinoid system in the basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. 2022 Feb 21; 16:832854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.832854.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Alexandra Caiza Asitimbay, Tarun Kapoor, Ramish Maqsood, Pramod Reddy, Lulup Kumar Sahoo, Prateek Aggarwal (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.