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Violation of the rights of older adults in prison with catastrophic diseases
This research examines the human rights violations faced by older adults deprived of liberty with catastrophic illnesses. Through an exploratory approach and the use of the interpretive method, key information was gathered on the issues affecting this vulnerable group, including the lack of adequate medical care, discrimination, social isolation and the absence of specific rehabilitation programs. The findings highlight the need to implement concrete measures to guarantee the protection of their rights, promoting inclusive policies and programs that ensure access to adequate medical care. In addition, it concludes the importance of analyzing the institutional barriers that perpetuate these violations and exploring effective strategies to address them. It is also recommended to investigate the impact of these violations on the physical and mental health of older adults in confinement and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving their quality of life
Copyright (c) 2023 Merly Claribel Morán Giler, Karen Clemencia Triviño Vera , Marcela Anarcaly Zambrano Olvera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Child and adolescent labor in the city of ventanas: reality and challenges in 2023
The main purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the problem of labor exploitation of children and adolescents in the Ventanas canton during the year 2023. For this purpose, several methodologies were used to collect and structure the information in a practical and effective way. The analysis was developed from a critical and analytical perspective, using references from several authors detailed in the theoretical foundations. Based on the methods proposed, we sought to confirm the reality of this phenomenon in the social context of Ventanas. Finally, the research proposes measures to limit child labor exploitation, guaranteeing safe and healthy environments for children, in accordance with article 81 of the Organic Code of Childhood and Adolescence of Ecuador
Copyright (c) 2023 Patty Elizabeth Del Pozo Franco , Lizi Samira Riofrío Bailón (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Scoliosis in Adolescents Aged 12 to 16: Influence of Physical Activity Level and Type of Educational Institution
Introduction: Scoliosis is a structural deformity of the spine whose prevalence may be influenced by socioeconomic factors and physical activity levels. Previous evidence suggests that physical inactivity could be a risk factor in adolescents.Objective: To analyze and quantify the prevalence of scoliosis in students aged 12–16 years from public and private schools in Santiago, Chile, and to explore its association with physical activity levels. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 adolescents (48.1% male; 51.9% female). The mean age was 15.28 ± 0.85 years, with an average height of 163.8 ± 6.9 cm and mean weight of 66.0 ± 12.2 kg. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and four evaluation tools were used: Adams Forward Bend Test, scoliometer, Spine Screen mobile application, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results: A positive Adams Test was found in 43.2% of participants, while 14.8% showed out-of-range alterations in Spine Screen. According to IPAQ, 25.9% reported low physical activity, 51.9% moderate, and 22.2% high. A significant association was found between lower physical activity and scoliosis presence (p = 0.025 in Adams Test; p = 0.020 in Spine Screen). Furthermore, scoliosis prevalence was higher in public school students (54.3%) compared to private school students (34.8%) (p = 0.043). Conclusions: These findings suggest that lower levels of physical activity are associated with a higher prevalence of scoliosis in adolescents, particularly in public school settings. The results highlight the need for preventive strategies to promote structured physical activity in school environments with limited access.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ignacio Astudillo-Ganora, Pedro Cataldo-Orellana, Christian Martínez, Paloma Salazar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cytoprotective effect of allium sativum (garlic) and alkaline water on β-pancreatic cells as a preventive treatment for diabetes induced in wistar rats
Allium sativum and alkaline water have an antioxidant effect, capable of protecting any cell from degeneration. Studies have shown that they regulate glucose levels; however, there is no evidence of research on the mixture of both treatments with histopathological studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of the joint administration of Allium sativum and Alkaline Water in different doses and periods of time. For this research, 8 groups of 12 animals each were formed, to which initial glucose was measured, and then the corresponding treatments were administered for 7, 14 and 21 days. Control group A without treatment, group B induction with alloxan, group C positive control administered: Glibenclamide, Group D Allium sativum oil, Group E alkaline water and Groups F, G, and H received Allium sativum and Alkaline water together at different doses. After each time period diabetes was induced using alloxan, final glucose was measured and the pancreas was extracted for subsequent histopathological analysis. The results obtained were analyzed by comparison of means, observing that from 7 days of treatment, both Allium sativum and alkaline water separately, as well as the joint administration of both, prevented the increase of glucose values. Histopathological analysis showed that Allium sativum had a cytoprotective effect at 21 days of treatment; on the other hand, at 21 days of treatment with alkaline water, a minimal cytoprotective effect was observed; while experimental animals treated with both treatments at different doses showed a cytoprotective effect from day 7 of treatment. Concluding that the joint administration of Allium sativum and alkaline water has an effective cytoprotective and normoglycemic effect.
Copyright (c) 2024 Candy Salluca Vasquez, Emma Karin Salluca Vasquez, Erika Salluca Vasquez, Andy Salluca Vasquez, Carlos Munive Viscarra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Body perception, dissatisfaction and quality of life in university women in Pereira, Colombia
Objective: To establish the degree of dissatisfaction and distortion of body image in university women in the municipality of Pereira, Colombia Methods: The Standard Figural Stimuli (SFS) scale was used to identify the degree of body dissatisfaction, the SCOFF questionnaire to determine the presence of eating disorders (ED) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale for the degree of distortion of the body. body image. Results: It was possible to characterize socio-demographically the population under study, the mean age was 23.3 and the single marital status with a percentage of 85%, it was possible to identify the degree of dissatisfaction and distortion of the body image presented In the women who participated in the study, 24% of the women with overweight or some type of obesity, considered themselves with a normal silhouette, for which we can infer that there is a degree of distortion of the body image, it was established that the 28% of the population suffers from eating disorders and it was finally established that 71.2% of the population has high self-esteem, the remaining percentage medium and low self-esteem. Conclusions: Multiple truly significant data were found, the results of this study lead us to consider that there is really a significant degree of dissatisfaction and distortion in the body image of many university women, because the image with which they identify differs from that of image they wish they had
Copyright (c) 2022 Ana María Londoño Valencia, Laura Lucia Rincón Bejarano, Yessica Cubillos Lizcano, German Oved Acevedo Osorio, Daniel Roman-Acosta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution and disinfection of dental impression materials: advances and challenges in dental biosafety
Introduction: Dentistry focused on oral health and used dental impressions as essential tools for designing prostheses and performing dental treatments. These impressions played a crucial role in providing accurate information about oral tissues and dental arches. However, obtaining impressions carried risks of contamination and transmission of infections for both patients and clinical staff. Adequate disinfection proved to be indispensable to ensure safety and quality in the dental environment. Development: Historically, impression materials evolved from the use of beeswax and plaster in the 17th century to the incorporation of elastomers in the 20th century. The latter, such as addition silicones and polyethers, were noted for their precision and dimensional stability. In addition, disinfection techniques varied according to the material, with disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds being used. These practices proved to be effective, but their implementation depended on technical knowledge, available resources and compliance with regulations. Conclusions: Disinfection of dental impressions was essential to prevent cross-infection and maintain treatment quality. Despite advances in materials and methods, challenges persisted in the uniform adoption of protocols. This analysis highlighted the need for continuing education, updating of guidelines, and promotion of standardized practices to improve biosafety and ensure success in dental care
Copyright (c) 2023 Priscila Jaqueline Bruno , Vanesa Verónica Miana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Self-medication practice among dental students: associated factors and risks
Introduction: Self-medication, defined as the use of medications without medical prescription, is a widespread practice in the general population and particularly among students of health-related careers, such as Dentistry. This phenomenon is associated with factors such as the perceived mildness of symptoms, recommendations from family or friends, and easy access to medications. The study analyzed the prevalence, the most commonly used drugs and the consequences of this practice among students of the Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI). Development: It was identified that the drugs most commonly used in self-medication were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) and antibiotics. NSAIDs, used for the management of pain and inflammation, presented associated risks, such as renal and gastrointestinal damage. Antibiotics, on the other hand, were the most worrying due to the development of microbial resistance, a growing problem that affects the effectiveness of medical treatments. In addition, self-medication was linked to the lack of medical supervision, the influence of advertising, and insufficient knowledge of the risks associated with the irrational use of drugs. Conclusions: Self-medication turned out to be a prevalent and worrying practice among dental students of the UAI, generating risks at the individual and collective level. It was concluded that it is necessary to implement educational and regulatory interventions that promote the rational use of drugs and raise awareness of their possible consequences. The strengthening of vigilance in the distribution and prescription of drugs was highlighted as a fundamental strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of this behavior
Copyright (c) 2023 Solange Sandoval Zenzano , Nancy Lidia Fuentecilla , José Alberto Grandinetti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of minimally invasive surgical techniques and temporomandibular joint prostheses
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the only mobile joint between the bones of the head, playing a crucial role in jaw movements and functions such as chewing, speaking and swallowing. TMJ dysfunctions (TMD) are disorders of multifactorial etiology that affect a significant percentage of the population,and are manifested through pain and functional alterations. This work reviews the pathophysiology of TMJ and the various treatment options, including minimally invasive surgical techniques such as arthrocentesis and arthroscopy. Advances in the development of TMJ prostheses are also analyzed, which, although they have proven to be effective, still present challenges related to biocompatibility and their adaptation in patients with atypical anatomies or in growing children. It is concluded that the management of TMD must be interdisciplinary, always seeking treatments that minimize invasion and maximize long- term functionality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fernando Pacheco , María Isabel Brusca, María Laura Garzón, Atilio Vela Ferreira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Importance in the hygiene technique of the removable upper complete denture
The objective of the study was to identify the current awareness of total edentulous patients about prosthetic care, creating an educational proposal in colloquial language, which facilitates their understanding. Self-care, disinfection and maintenance of dental prostheses are the main topics within the rehabilitation of the edentulous patient. The research was carried out in a private office of the CABA to 50 patients with upper total dental prostheses, where staining was performed with bacterial plaque revealing solution to visualize the biofilm adhered to the prosthesis and/or the prosthetic adhesive. The patients' knowledge about the maintenance and cleaning of dental prostheses was not optimal.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lucia Baños , María Isabel Brusca, María Laura Garzón, Atilio Vela Ferreira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alternative on the good use of public space and the ignorance of the transmission of parasitic diseases due to pet excrements
Public spaces, such as parks, are essential for the life of riobambeños, since they offer areas for recreation, exercise and contact with nature. However, their proper use is affected by the lack of culture of some visitors who, accompanied by their pets, contaminate the environment with feces, damaging the image of the place and endangering the health of those who frequent it. This study proposes alternatives for the proper management of canine feces and seeks to raise awareness of the risks of transmission of parasitic diseases. Through a cross-sectional descriptive design, surveys and interviews with visitors to the Guayaquil park, it was found that there was evidence of poor management of excrement and lack of knowledge about its consequences
Copyright (c) 2023 Mesias Elías Machado Maliza , Beatriz del Carmen Viteri Naranjo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Access to public service and the right to job stability for persons with disabilities
Labor law is recognized as one of the most protected worldwide, although it is also one of the most vulnerable due to the social challenges related to the right to equality for all people, regardless of their condition. In Ecuador, although the Constitution recognizes this right, it establishes specific guidelines for entry and permanence in the public sector, requiring merit-based and competitive examinations as the main requirement to guarantee job stability. However, there are hiring modalities that do not provide this stability. This study analyzes how people with disabilities who enter without this process can obtain job stability by law, which generates tensions with the principle of equality. Under a qualitative, descriptive and explanatory approach, and using the legal hermeneutic method, the incidence of the forms of entry to the public service in relation to labor stability is evaluated
Copyright (c) 2023 José Fabián Molina Mora , Marcela Anarcaly Zambrano Olvera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Altitude on Cardiovascular Physiology: Literature Review and Update
Introduction: More than 140 million people in the world live at high altitudes, above 2,500 meters (m) above sea level. Oxygen is vital for cellular metabolism; therefore, hypoxic conditions found at high altitude affect all physiological functions. Metods: A search for information was carried out in the SciELO, Scopus, PubMed/MedLine databases, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as in the ClinicalKeys services. Advanced search strategies were used to retrieve the information, by structuring search formulas using the terms "Cardiovascular Physiology", "Cardiovascular Physiology at Altitude", as well as their translations into Spanish " Fisiología Cardiovascular " and " Fisiología Cardiovascular en la altitud ". Results discussion: The heart is composed of three main types of cardiac muscle: atrial muscle, ventricular muscle, and specialized excitatory and conductive muscle fibers. The efficiency and work of the heart as a pump is often measured in terms of cardiac output, or the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute. Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate Cardiovascular Changes at Altitude It is possible to think of the goal of acclimatization as maintaining oxygen delivery to the tissues as close to normal as possible. The cardiovascular system is central to this. Acute exposure to high altitude produces an increase in heart rate and cardiac output both at rest and for a given amount of work compared with sea level. In general, the normal heart tolerates even severe hypoxia very well. The heart, as a hemodynamic pump, has two mechanisms at its disposal to enhance its performance: heart rate and stroke volume, which together constitute cardiac output. The altitude electrocardiogram shows a variably increased amplitude of the P wave, deviation of the QRS axis to the right, and signs of right ventricular overload and hypertrophy. Conclusions: Advances in high-altitude research have shown that the cardiovascular system deploys some efficient mechanisms of acclimatization to oxygen deprivation, and the healthy heart adapts to hypoxia, even when severe, with preservation of systolic function and only minor impairment of LV and RV diastolic function. With acclimatization, desensitization of the adrenergic system, together with increased parasympathetic influence, leads to a decrease in maximum heart rate and protection of the myocardium against potentially damaging energy imbalances. Acute exposure to high altitude stimulates the adrenergic system, increasing heart rate and cardiac output; although arterial pressure remains stable, pulmonary artery pressure increases due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Our improved understanding of the effect of altitude hypoxia on the cardiovascular system will allow better-informed, evidence-based advice for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease
Copyright (c) 2024 Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez, Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez, Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas, Delly Espejo-Alanoca, Ponciano Chiri-Chambi, Victor Hugo Mamani Huarachi, Benito Aguirre-Cruz, Katrin Daniela Sivila-Marquez, Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mountain sickness: physiological challenges, diagnosis and treatment
INTRODUCTION. The first descriptions of altitude sickness were made in (1540-1600). Nowadays, different cities in the world are at high altitude, for example Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China occupies an area of almost 2.5 million inhabitants km2, with an average elevation of over 4,500 m. Altitude sickness should be a major concern for anyone who normally resides at sea level. METHOD. A search for information was carried out in the period August-December 2024 in the SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine databases, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as in the ClinicalKeys services. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2 ) decreases with altitude, which produces progressive tissue hypoxia. The normal compensatory response to hypobaric hypoxia is called acclimatization. Its main characteristic is increased ventilation. The ability to acclimatize varies widely among individuals and depends on many factors, including the degree of hypoxic stress (rate of ascent, altitude reached), the intrinsic ability of the individual to compensate for the decrease in PaO2, and extrinsic factors. Progressive ascent produces greater hypoxic stress, requiring greater degrees of physiological and behavioral adaptations to preserve function. The more rapid the ascent and the higher the altitude, the greater the stress. Below 1500 m, symptoms of high altitude illness are generally not manifest. From approximately 1500 to 2500 m, symptoms are generally mild, if experienced at all. From approximately 2500 m, mild to moderate symptoms become quite common among unacclimatized visitors after a rapid ascent. As a general rule, people who normally reside below 1500 m should avoid an abrupt ascent to altitudes above 2800 m for sleeping. Sedative-hypnotics should be avoided during acclimatization. Abstinence from alcohol is safest
Copyright (c) 2024 Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez, Paul Cardozo Gil, Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid, Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz, Jorge Márquez-Molina, Yamila Cruz Cruz, Dilma Villca-Villca, Ritdber Alfredo Quispe Sarmiento (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advantages of germectomy as a preventive surgical treatment
Surgical extraction of third molars is a common procedure in oral surgery, especially relevant in orthodontics during early dental development. This process, supported by clinical studies and models, is used to prevent and treat various oral health conditions, including complications associated with abnormal eruption of these molars. The pericoronal sacs, which surround the crown of unerupted teeth, can be a source of complications such as odontogenic cysts. These sacs are difficult to diagnose, justifying the early extraction of unerupted teeth to prevent long-term issues and to histopathologically evaluate potential alterations. In orthodontics, third molar extraction is indicated to treat crowding, create space for molar distalization, correct impaction of second molars, and in some cases, as part of comprehensive orthognathic surgery. Crowding is just one of the potential complications arising from third molars, which can also lead to pathologies such as pericoronitis, cavities, and the formation of odontogenic cysts or tumors. In this context, germectomy is considered a preventive strategy to avoid future problems. A literature search was conducted focusing on studies related to the terms "third molars", "germectomy", "preventive exodontia" and "pericoronal sac." Full-text studies, both quantitative and qualitative, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, were included. The search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and LILACS
Copyright (c) 2024 Camila Belén Bustos , María Isabel Brusca , María Laura Garzón , Atilio Vela Ferreira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Periodontal Health: Influence of Steroid Hormones
Introduction: The oral cavity constitutes a dynamic niche susceptible to environmental and physiological changes. Alterations in its microbiome can lead to pathologies such as caries and periodontal disease, the latter being one of the main causes of tooth loss worldwide. Candida albicans has been identified as the most prevalent fungus in the oral microbiota, although detections of non-albicans species have increased in the last decade. In addition, steroid hormones such as estrogens and progesterone, present in oral contraceptives, have been shown to modulate the periodontal inflammatory response, exacerbating conditions such as gingivitis and favoring the progression of periodontal disease. Development: This work explored the impact of oral contraceptives and steroid hormones on bacterial plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis progression. The most recent classifications of periodontal disease, which group pathologies according to stages and grades, were addressed, allowing a better assessment of hormonal factors in their evolution. The findings supported the relationship between oral contraceptive use and increased susceptibility to gingival inflammation, especially in advanced clinical conditions. Conclusions: Steroid hormones, present in contraceptives, played an important role in modulating the oral microbiome and periodontal inflammation. Although no direct relationship was found in mild cases, in advanced stages of periodontal disease the hormonal impact was significant. These results highlight the need to monitor hormonal factors in dental treatment and to promote personalized preventive strategies.
Copyright (c) 2023 Edward Alejandro Hansen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of 3D Printing Technologies in Digital Dentistry
Introduction The advent of digital scanners and 3D printing technologies transformed the dental field by facilitating more accurate and complete impressions of the patient's mouth. These tools made it possible to replace conventional impressions, reducing working times, improving patient comfort and optimizing archiving. In addition, the combination of digital scans and 3D printing opened up new possibilities for the customized production of dental models and devices. Development The CAD-CAM system was central to this evolution, enabling the creation of digital three-dimensional models that materialized into physical objects through additive methods such as 3D printing. This process involved precision at every stage, from the quality of the scanning to the technology used for printing. Among the available methods, stereolithography (SLA, DLP, LCD) stood out for its ability to reproduce complex details by photopolymerizing liquid resins with ultraviolet light. Each technology presented particular advantages, such as speed and surface quality, being evaluated according to factors such as cost, biocompatibility and clinical specifications. Conclusion The implementation of 3D printing technologies in dentistry provided an efficient and accurate solution for fabricating customized dental models. This advance significantly improved clinical planning and the quality of dental treatment. Comparing the accuracy of various technologies allowed the identification of optimal tools according to specific needs, ensuring better patient outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sofia Kiefer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comprehensive care of a case of diabetic foot in a BMC collaborator in Timor Leste
Introduction: More than 200 million people in the world are affected by Diabetes Mellitus. Foot problems are a threat to all those suffering from this disease. Worldwide, more than one million lower limb amputations are performed every year due to Diabetes, which means that every 30 seconds a lower limb is lost due to this disease. This high figure is unacceptable. Results: incision and drainage of the abscess plus extensive debridement of the devitalized tissue is performed, managing to eliminate the septic focus and a better metabolic control, allowing to save the limb and the patient's life. Conclusions: Of the many complications that affect people with diabetes mellitus, none are as devastating as those related to the foot. They include peripheral artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, ulcers, infections and amputation. Given the increase in the number of people with diabetes, we will see more and more problems of their feet, so it is very important to act on the risk factors and lifestyle habits of this population group to avoid complications
Copyright (c) 2024 Yosbel Paez Labrador, Gladys Rojas Reyes, Antonio Jesús Díaz Díaz, Madelyn Roque Remus, Rosmery Miranda Ramos, Barbarito Malagón Silva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodology with an integrative approach for the work of the family doctor in the prevention of pregnancy in adolescence
Introduction: In Cuba, comprehensive adolescent care and the prevention of early pregnancy are priorities within public policy. Despite ongoing efforts in primary healthcare, adolescent pregnancy remains a problem requiring special attention from a preventive and promotional perspective. Objective: To develop an integrated methodology for improving adolescent pregnancy prevention efforts, based on an assessment of the family physician's prevention competency. Methods: A developmental research study was conducted in the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Isla de la Juventud, during the 2022-2024 academic year. The study population consisted of 23 professionals, including a purposive sample of 7 health area managers who served as Basic Work Group Leaders and faculty members in the health area where the study was conducted. The adolescent population included 530 adolescents, representing 18.8% of the study population. Methods at the theoretical level (analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive), empirical level (document analysis, observation, modeling, surveys, and expert consultation), and statistical methods were used for data collection and information processing. Results: The functioning of the adolescent support group is inadequate, according to observations made in 56.5% of cases. The specialty program demonstrates an insufficient approach to the competency of adolescent pregnancy prevention. 65.2% of the physicians surveyed showed theoretical inconsistencies in this regard. Preventive training for family physicians requires strengthening the educational and community dimensions (30% of the indicators), resulting in insufficient preparation for a comprehensive approach to adolescent care, with a predominantly curative focus in their professional practice. Conclusions: The proposed methodology is based on pedagogical, philosophical, psychological, and medical education principles for comprehensive adolescent care through intersectoral collaboration and biopsychosocial integration. Validation by specialists indicates its viability for contributing to positive changes in the practice of family physicians for this purpose.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ennis Ivonnet-Gutiérrez, Doris Yisell Rubio-Olivares, Francisco Abel Pérez-Álvarez, Aliana Peña-Méndez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Energy Drink Consumption on Executive Functions in Health Science Students
Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between energy drink consumption and executive function performance in Health Sciences students. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational-causal design was applied, with a sample of 200 students from the Autonomous University of the State of Quintana Roo. Of these, 105 were women (52.5%) and 95 were men (47.5%), with an average age of 21 years. Data were collected using the Energy Drink Consumption Scale (EDCS) and the EFE-CO Scale, which assesses executive functions. The analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and a Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: Significant correlations (p < .001) were found between higher energy drink consumption and poorer performance in functions related to monitoring, inhibition, and emotional control. The SEM model confirmed a moderate direct effect of energy drink consumption on executive functions, with a factor loading of λ = 0.66. Conclusions: It was concluded that frequent consumption of energy drinks is associated with significant cognitive impairment in university students. These findings highlight the importance of promoting preventive and educational strategies from a public health and academic perspective, in order to reduce the risks associated with their consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nissa Yaing Torres-Soto, Edgar Fernando Peña-Torres, Beatriz Martínez-Ramírez, María de Lourdes Rojas-Armadillo, Daniela León-Rojas, Ana Luiza Corrales-Baldenebro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Mental Health Awareness in Adolescent Girls through the Application of Complementary Therapies: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Introduction: mental health awareness is an important concept for adolescent girls. In general, adolescent girls have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than boys. The problem-solving method used in this study provided interventions through complementary therapies such as journaling, yoga pranayama, and self-hypnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the application of Journaling, Yoga Pranayama, and Self-hypnosis in increasing mental health awareness in adolescent girls within Badung Regency, Bali. Method: a quasi-experimental method was used to evaluate the application of journaling, yoga pranayama, and self-hypnosis in increasing mental health awareness. The respondents were adolescent girls divided into three different groups, given Journaling, Yoga Pranayama, and Self-Hypnosis methods, respectively. Before and after the intervention, the respondents were tested using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales Youth version (DASS-Y) to determine anxiety, stress, and depression. Results: the Wilcoxon test showed significant reductions across all interventions: journaling reduced depression (p = 0,005), anxiety (p = 0,008), and stress (p = 0,018); yoga pranayama reduced depression (p = 0,022), anxiety (p = 0,018), and stress (p = 0,048); and self-hypnosis reduced depression (p = 0,001), anxiety (p = 0,001), and stress (p = 0,003). The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no significant differences between the three interventions for depression (p = 0,417), anxiety (p = 0,539), or stress (p = 0,109). Conclusion: Journaling, yoga pranayama, and self-hypnosis interventions can reduce anxiety, stress, and depression in adolescent girls.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luh Putu Widiastini , I Gusti Agung Manik Karuniadi , Ni Luh Putu Dian Yunita Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hospital Accountability for Medical Actions: A Justice-Oriented Approach Based on the Doctrine of Vicarious Liability
Health is a human right that must be guaranteed by the state, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 17 of 2023. Hospitals play a crucial role as providers of medical services and are responsible for patient safety. However, the increasing number of alleged medical malpractice cases demonstrates a gap between legal norms and practice, particularly regarding applying the vicarious liability doctrine in determining hospital liability for medical personnel's negligence. This study employed a normative juridical method with a statute and a conceptual approach. Secondary data in laws and regulations, literature, and journals were analyzed descriptively and analytically to examine legal norms, liability doctrine, and distributive and corrective justice principles. The results show that although Article 193 of Law No. 17 of 2023 has affirmed hospital liability, its practice still faces legal ambiguity, particularly regarding the status of non-employee physicians. This condition, which we refer to as 'jurisprudential inconsistencies '- a situation where legal decisions or practices are contradictory or unclear-creates a heavy burden of proof for patients and legal uncertainty. This study concludes that a loyalty-based, tiered accountability model is needed, where hospitals are fully responsible for monoloyal physicians, while multiloyal practices implement shared responsibility. This model is expected to strengthen patient protection, increase legal certainty, and encourage equitable hospital governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Krisnarto, Edy Lisdiyono, Anggraeni Endah Kusumaningrum, Afif Noor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Dark Side of Performance Metrics: Dehumanisation and Its Impact on Faculty Engagement
This study investigates the impact of organisational dehumanisation on work engagement among faculty members in private higher educational institutions. Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the research explores how work stress mediates the relationship between organisational dehumanisation and work engagement. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with over 500 faculty members across private institutions in southern India. Organisational dehumanisation, work engagement, and work stress were measured using validated scales, and the data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM, AMOS). The results reveal that organisational dehumanisation significantly increases work stress, which in turn negatively impacts work engagement. While the direct influence of organisational dehumanisation on work engagement was not statistically significant, the indirect effect, mediated through organisational work stress, was significant, highlighting stress as a key mechanism through which dehumanisation erodes engagement. The study contributes theoretically by extending COR theory to the academic context and practically by underscoring the need for human-centred organisational practices in higher education. Organisational culture and institutional leaders are urged to minimise dehumanising practices and foster psychologically supportive environments to sustain faculty motivation and institutional effectiveness. These findings hold critical implications for addressing the growing faculty burnout and attrition in India's higher education sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 K.S. Daru , K. Praveena (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mental aspects of impactful methods in cognitive treatment
Introduction: in modern psychotherapeutic practice, there has been growing interest in integrating suggestive methods into cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This trend was driven by the need to enhance the effectiveness of interventions with clients of different profiles, particularly in the transition to digital therapy formats where suggestion acquired new forms of implementation. Methods: the study was based on qualitative and content analysis of contemporary scientific sources addressing empirical and clinical aspects of suggestion in CBT. Results: the analysis identified the main forms of suggestive influence and highlighted the key psychological mechanisms of their action. The effectiveness of suggestive techniques was established in the treatment of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic states, and eating disorders. A summarizing table of psychological mechanisms and an author’s scheme reflecting the stages of suggestion in the CBT process were constructed. It was shown that suggestion could be successfully integrated into both traditional and digital formats of therapeutic interaction, particularly through affirmations, metaphors, visualizations, and resource messages. Conclusions: suggestive techniques were found to enrich CBT interventions by enhancing motivation and emotional engagement. The results provided practical opportunities for adapting therapeutic programs, including online applications, with suggestive elements. The proposed generalizations may serve as a basis for developing personalized CBT models that are responsive to the client’s emotional state and level of motivation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Petro Rogozhan, Olga Drobot, Olena Kostiuchenko, Viktoriia Stamat, Oleg Nazarov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric results in pregnant women treated at a public hospital in Asunción
Introduction: Ultra-processed foods are high in sodium, sugars, and fats. The Pan American Health Organization warns that they jeopardize the quality of the diet. Objective: To determine the consumption of ultra-processed foods and nutritional status by anthropometry in pregnant women who attended the Loma Pyta Maternal and Child Hospital between September and December 2024. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with cross-association, non-probabilistic sampling, including pregnant women after informed consent. Sociodemographic data, obstetric history, frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods according to the NOVA classification, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. The data were analyzed using Epi Info® software version 7.2.5.0. Results: One hundred pregnant women were evaluated, with a mean age of 27 years ± 6 SD; mean gestational age of 24 weeks ± 10 SD. One hundred percent consumed some type of ultra-processed food; 94.0% reported consuming “soft drinks,” 87.0% “packaged sweet cookies,” 95.0% “salty snacks,” and 80.0% “cold cuts.” Overweight was observed in 18.0% and obesity in 44.0%. Pregnant women who consumed these foods frequently (≥4 times per week) had a higher average weight (74.6 kg ± 17.8 SD) compared to those who consumed them moderately (1 to 3 times per week) (68.2 kg ± 12.6 SD), with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.03). Conclusion: The consumption of ultra-processed foods was distributed throughout the total sample, and the average weight was significantly higher in pregnant women with a high frequency of consumption, with malnutrition due to excess being the main anthropometric result. Dietary guidelines for pregnant women are needed, with a focus on the food environment and in line with sustainable development goals 2 and 3.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Isabel López-Ocampos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ovarian teratoma in an adult patient: case presentation and literature review
This paper reports the clinical case of a 26-year-old adult female diagnosed with a mature ovarian teratoma. Ovarian teratomas are germ cell tumors composed of tissues derived from all three embryonic layers, more frequently seen in young women but rare in adults. The patient presented with severe lower abdominal pain; imaging revealed a 20 cm heterogeneous mass in the right ovary with hyperechoic areas suggestive of fat and calcifications. Emergency laparotomy with cystectomy and ovarian tissue preservation was performed due to suspected torsion. Histopathological examination confirmed a mature teratoma without malignancy. The postoperative course was favorable, with preserved ovarian function and no tumor recurrence during follow-up. This case highlights the relevance of early diagnosis and timely surgical management to prevent complications and preserve fertility in young women.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Adela Pérez Velilla, Paola Toffoletti, Luciana Daniela Garlisi Torales, Rosanía Piedade Carvalho Santana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of the Psychometric Validity of the OIT-WHO Work Stress Scale in Teachers in the Ñuble Region, Chile
Introduction: The detrimental effects of job stress on the physical and mental health of workers, especially in an educational setting, have been widely documented. This study aimed to analyse the psychometric validity of the ILO-WHO Work Stress Scale in a sample of teachers in the Ñuble Region of Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was carried out with 384 teachers. Sample adequacy was assessed using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test, while exploratory factor analysis (EFA) employed orthogonal rotation and unweighted robust least squares. Results: The results revealed a valid unidimensional structure, with an internal reliability coefficient of 0,977. The variance explained was 63,4%, indicating that teachers' perceived stress is concentrated in a single factor. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the scale is an effective instrument for assessing and managing stress in education professionals, and it could inform future interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of job stress in this population.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriel Lagos, Yasna Sandoval, Bárbara Farías , Carolina Luengo, Carlos Rojas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purple urine bag syndrome in urinary tract infection. Case report from Bolivia
Purple bag syndrome is a rare manifestation of urine discoloration associated primarily with chemical reactions caused by the indoxyl sulfatase/phosphatase activity of some bacteria or as secondary metabolites of food or supplement intake, whether oral or parenteral. Its presence causes confusion, leading to unnecessary laboratory tests and treatments. Is reported the clinical case of a 49-year-old oncology patient admitted to the trauma service for a pathological fracture and urinary tract infection. She was fitted with a urinary catheter, which contained purple urine. Laboratory tests were requested to identify the causative bacteria. The catheter was replaced, and antibiotic treatment was started, leading to resolution of the clinical picture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leonel Rivero Castedo, Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santivañez, Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas, Carla Lorena Suarez Aponte, Shirley Nicole Andrade Azcui, Marlon Carbonell González, Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz, Roger Mamani Plata (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Character Formation Through Value Education in Physical Education
This study explores how character formation can be achieved through values education in physical education. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research involved 30 purposively selected physical education teachers from elementary, junior high, and senior high schools in West Sumatera. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis to examine how values are taught, modeled, and reinforced during physical education lessons. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns and themes in the data, supported by triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing to ensure trustworthiness. The findings reveal that physical education provides a unique and effective platform for integrating value-based learning. Teachers play a vital role in modeling positive behaviors such as honesty, discipline, respect, and teamwork. Character development is fostered through practical activities, guided reflections, structured feedback, and building positive relationships. Furthermore, values are contextualized to students’ daily lives, making the lessons more meaningful and applicable beyond the classroom. Teachers also reported challenges, including limited resources and lack of training support. Overall, the study highlights the transformative potential of physical education in shaping students' moral and social development. It calls for a greater emphasis on teacher preparation, curriculum design, and institutional support to ensure that character education is effectively embedded in physical education programs. This integration not only enhances students' physical well-being but also contributes to nurturing ethical, empathetic, and responsible individuals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Purnomo, I Kadek Suardika , Adika Fatahilah, Aditya Trinanda , Kadek Arry Anderzen, Nina Jermaina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thoughts, doubts, and challenges: Indian parents' perspectives on implementing universal newborn screening-A qualitative Perspective
Introduction: Newborn screening (NBS) is a vital public health intervention facilitating the early identification of asymptomatic metabolic, endocrine, and genetic disorders at birth. In spite of national initiatives like the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), India does not have a standardized policy for biochemical NBS, and rural parental awareness continues to be low. Objective: To identify rural parents' understanding, concerns, and preparedness towards universal newborn screening in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, by a qualitative study. Method: A descriptive qualitative study of 25 in-depth interviews with mothers of infants from 0–6 months selected purposively from rural Tiruvallur was employed. A semi-structured Tamil interview guide was used to collect data and thematically analyze them according to Braun and Clarke's method. The themes were also mapped to the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) to interpret emotional, cognitive, and ethical determinants of parental acceptance. Results: Volunteers displayed limited information and a high level of misconceptions regarding NBS. Fear of pain inflicted on the baby, suspicion regarding storage of blood spots, no counselling, gender-based decision-making, and indirect costs were key barriers. However, conditional acceptance was observed when screening was viewed as free, harmless, and medically advised. Mothers were found to be willing participants if there was sure communication and reassurance by healthcare staff. Conclusion: Parental acceptability of newborn screening in rural Tamil Nadu is influenced by intersecting emotional, ethical, and structural considerations. Inclusion of NBS in RBSK, reinforcing counselling during antenatal and postnatal care, and enhancing sample handling transparency can improve uptake and equity. Keywords: Newborn screening, parental beliefs, Theoretical Framework of Acceptability Resumen: Introducción:el tamizaje neonatal (NBS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una intervención esencial de salud pública que permite la identificación temprana de trastornos metabólicos, endocrinos y genéticos asintomáticos al nacer. A pesar de iniciativas nacionales como el Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), India no cuenta con una política estandarizada para el tamizaje bioquímico neonatal, y la conciencia de los padres en áreas rurales sigue siendo baja.Objetivo: Identificar la comprensión, las preocupaciones y la preparación de los padres rurales hacia la implementación del tamizaje neonatal universal en el distrito de Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, mediante un estudio cualitativo. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo descriptivo basado en 25 entrevistas en profundidad con madres de bebés de 0 a 6 meses, seleccionadas de manera intencionada de zonas rurales de Tiruvallur. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista semiestructurada en tamil para recolectar los datos, los cuales se analizaron temáticamente según el método de Braun y Clarke. Los temas también se vincularon al Marco Teórico de Aceptabilidad (TFA, por sus siglas en inglés) para interpretar los determinantes emocionales, cognitivos y éticos de la aceptación parental. Resultados: Las participantes mostraron información limitada y un alto nivel de conceptos erróneos sobre el tamizaje neonatal. El miedo al dolor que podría sufrir el bebé, la sospecha sobre el almacenamiento de las muestras de sangre, la falta de consejería, la toma de decisiones basada en el género y los costos indirectos fueron las principales barreras. Sin embargo, se observó una aceptación condicionada cuando el tamizaje se percibía como gratuito, inofensivo y médicamente recomendado. Se encontró que las madres estaban dispuestas a participar si había comunicación clara y tranquilidad proporcionada por el personal de salud. Conclusión: La aceptabilidad parental del tamizaje neonatal en zonas rurales de Tamil Nadu está influenciada por consideraciones emocionales, éticas y estructurales interrelacionadas. La inclusión del tamizaje neonatal en el RBSK, el fortalecimiento de la consejería durante la atención prenatal y posnatal, y la mejora en la transparencia del manejo de las muestras pueden aumentar la adopción y la equidad.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nivedita Rajakumar, Kalpana Kosalram, Bala Ganesh Pichamuthu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-Demographics, Mid Upper-arm Circumference (MUAC), Counseling and Compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) Consumption as Determinants of Anemia among Premaried Women in Surabaya
Introduction: Anemia impacts maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. To prevent risks during the preconception period, risk factors such as nutritional status, compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) consumption, and nutrition counseling are crucial. This study investigated how sociodemographic factors, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), counseling, and compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) influenced the prevalence of anemia among premarried women in Surabaya. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the predictors of anemia among 282 premarried women in Surabaya to support preconception risk prevention. Data were collected via questionnaires, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurements, and hemoglobin levels (samples obtained in November 2024). The data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The significant factors identified were: age (p=0,032; OR=3,207; 95 % CI=0,267 – 6,147), MUAC (p=0,001; OR=4,606; 95 % CI=1,817 – 7,395), MMS compliance (p=0,018; OR=3,817; 95 % CI=2,907 – 4,727), and nutrition counseling (p=0,002; OR=4,103; 95 % CI=2,802 – 5,404). Meanwhile, occupation and education level did not show a significant effect (p>0,05). Women with a MUAC <23,5 cm had a 4,6-fold higher risk of anemia. Conclusion: These findings highlighted that nutritional status (MUAC), counseling, MMS compliance, and age significantly influenced the risk of anemia in this population. Strengthening promotive and preventive interventions, particularly targeted nutrition education programs and monitoring, is essential to reduce preconception anemia among premarried women in Surabaya.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kartika Sri Redjeki, Sri Sumarmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0