Dermatoses of chronic nature: new developments in diagnosis and treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2025695Keywords:
Dermatovenereology, Eczema, Skin diseases, Psoriasis, Pediatric psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis, AcneAbstract
Introduction: Chronic dermatoses significantly affect patients’ lives, and global burden of skin diseases represents important public health challenge worldwide, with the phenomenon of a tendency towards increasing level of dermatological pathology.
Methods: In the last two decades, there has been a significant breakthrough in improving methods and strategies for treating chronic dermatoses, with the emergence of relevant innovative technologies and drugs. At the same time, publications describing these innovations are scattered and narrowly focused, often lacking a systemic vision.
Results: With this in mind, the article aims at outlining the overall (integrative) landscape of contemporary paradigms, vision and approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic dermatoses of various specifics and etiology. Based on the tools of scoping review, as well as general scientific methods of systematization and generalization, existing achievements and challenges in diagnosing and treatment of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, etc. were revealed and put together.
Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, despite significant and evident, sometimes disruptive, advances in skin diseases diagnosis and treatment, such as AI and machine learning in diagnosis and biologic drugs in treatment (allowing customizing treatment to target specific immune pathways), there are still remaining challenges, which represent crucial frontiers for future research.
References
Du Crest D, Madhumita M, Enbiale W, Zink A, Papier A, Matewa G, Castro H, …, Garibyan L, kin and Digital–The 2024 Narrative. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health. 2024; 2(3): 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpdig.2024.05.008
Li D, Chen M, Li W, Xu X, Global burden of viral skin diseases from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Frontiers in Public Health. 2025; 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1464372
National Cancer Institute. Eczema definition. N.d. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/eczema
National Institute of Health. Psoriasis. N.d. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/psoriasis
American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), Burden of skin disease; 2016. https://www.aad.org/member/clinical-quality/clinical-care/bsd
Dairov A, Issabekova A, Sekenova A, Shakhatbayev M, Ogay V, Prevalence, incidence, gender and age distribution, and economic burden of psoriasis worldwide and in Kazakhstan. Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan. 2024; 21(2): 18–30. https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/14497
Kravchenko V, Yemchenko Ya, Kravchenko A, Daschuk A. Psoriasis: current status of incidence and organizational measures. Ukrainian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Cosmetology. 2022; 3-4(86-87): 42-48. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/1684273
Becherel P, Reguiai Z, Fougerousse A, Perrot J, Begon E, Thomas-Beaulieu D, …, Maccari F, Compared burden of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and chronic urticaria: Baseline characteristics of the patients included in the OMCCI cohort – A French, Prospective Multicenter Study of Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses. Dermatology. 2024; 240(5-6): 702–712. https://doi.org/10.1159/000540250
Abdel-Mageed H. M, Atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive updated review of this intriguing disease with futuristic insights. Inflammopharmacology. 2025; 33: 1161–1187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01642-z
Muller S. et al, Treatment of atopic dermatitis: Recently approved drugs and advanced clinical development programs. Wiley Allergy. 2024; 79(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16009
Hernández-Zárate LA, Gómez-Núñez CA, Narváez-Labuhn S, Morales-Velázquez G, González-Uribe V, The evolving therapeutic landscape in atopic dermatitis. Exploration of Asthma & Allergy. 2025; 3: 100966. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2025.100966
WHO, Skin diseases as a global public health priority. Executive Board 156th session; 2025, February 10. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB156/B156_(24)-en.pdf
Koskeridis F, Evangelou E, Ntzani EE, Kostikas K, Tsabouri S, Treatment with dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 2022;, 26(6): 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1177/12034754221130969
Tong L, Desai R, Olsen R, Davis M, The pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Discovery Medicine. 2024; 36(189): 1933–1954. https://doi.org/10.24976/Discov.Med.202436189.180
Eichenfield LF, Tom WL, Berger TG, Krol A, Paller AS, Schwarzenberger K, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 2. Management and treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical therapies. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2014; 71: 116–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023
Sidbury R, Davis DM, Cohen DE, Cordoro KM, Berger TG, Bergman JN, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 3. Management and treatment with phototherapy and systemic agents. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2014; 71: 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.023
Lebwohl MG, Stein Gold L, Strober B, Papp KA, Armstrong AW, Bagel J, et al. Phase 3 Trials of Tapinarof Cream for Plaque Psoriasis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2021; 385: 2219–2229. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2103629
Blauvelt A, de Bruin-Weller M, Gooderham M, Cather J C, Weisman J, Pariser D, et al. Long-term management of moderateto-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017; 389: 2287–2303. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31191-1
Wollenberg A, Blauvelt A, Guttman-Yassky E, Worm M, Lynde C, Lacour JP, et al. Tralokinumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52-week, randomized, doubleblind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2). British Journal of Dermatology. 2021; 184: 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19574
Silverberg JI, Guttman-Yassky E, Thaçi D, Irvine AD, Stein Gold L, Blauvelt A, et al. Two Phase 3 Trials of Lebrikizumab for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2023; 388: 1080–1091. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2206714
Kabashima K, Matsumura T, Komazaki H, Kawashima M, JP01 andJP02 Study Group. Nemolizumab plus topical agents in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and moderate-to-severe pruritus provide improvement in pruritus and signs of AD for up to 68 weeks: results from two phase III, long-term studies. British Journal of Dermatology. 2022; 186(4): 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.20873
Su Z, Zeng Y, Dupilumab-Associated Psoriasis and Psoriasiform Manifestations: A Scoping Review. Dermatology. 2023; 239(4): 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1159/000530608
Fahmy LM, Kwinta BD, Schreidah CM, Ferris LK, Geskin LJ, Topical Mechlorethamine for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Dermatology and Therapy. 2023; 13(2): 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00871-2
Han Sh, Zhou T, Huang F, Review of new treatment methods for psoriasis and dermatitis. Dermatological Health. 2025; 3(1): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.26689/dh.v3i1.9987
Olbrich H, Sadik CD, Ludwig RJ, Thaçi D, Boch K, Dupilumab in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(4): 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13040634
Dubin C, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E, Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema: Successes and Key Challenges. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 2020; 16: 1319–1332. https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s292504
Tauber M, Vocanson M, Biomarkers for chronic hand eczema: Could etiological and clinical subtypes truly be the starting point? An open question. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2024; 38(6): 997–998. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.20023
Thyssen JP, Schuttelaar MLA, Alfonso JH, Andersen, KE, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis. 2022; 86(5): 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14035
Patra P, Harrison T, Khoury M, Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2025; 317(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-025-03862-3
Sójka A, Krajewski PK, Current Landscape of Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses: Where We Are and Where We Are Heading. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024; 46(9): 10259–10263. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090611
Nedelcu RI, Balaban M, Turcu G, Brinzea A, Ion DA, Antohe M, Hodorogea A, Calinescu A, Badarau AI, Popp C, Cioplea M, Nichita L, Popescu S, Diaconu C, Bleotu C, Pirici D, Popescu R, Popescu CM, Zurac SA, Efficacy of methotrexate as anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative drug in dermatology: Three case reports. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2019; 18(2): 905–910. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7511
Wang C, Lin A, Efficacy of topical calcineurin inhibitors in psoriasis. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 2014; 18(1): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2013.13059
Di Martino V, Verhoeven DW, Verhoeven F, Aubin F, Avouac J, Vuitton L, Lioté F, Thévenot T, Wendling D, Busting the myth of methotrexate chronic hepatotoxicity. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2022; 19: 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-022-00883-4
Oray, M, Samra, K. A, Ebrahimiadib, N, Meese, H, Foster, C. S, Long-term side effects of glucocorticoids. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2016; 15: 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2016.1140743
MMR, Skin Diseases Treatment Market- Global Industry analysis, Trends, Growth and Forecast (2024–2030); 2024. https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/skin-diseases-treatment-market/81580/
Jartarkar SR, Patil A, Wollina U, Gold M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Goldust M, New diagnostic and imaging technologies in dermatology. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2021; 20: 3782–3787. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14499
de Guzman LC, Maglaque RP, Torres VM, Zapido SP, Cordel M. O, Design and evaluation of a multi-model, multilevel artificial neural network for eczema skin lesion detection. In: 2015 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation (AIMS). Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia; 2015: 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIMS.2015.17
Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter S, Blau H, Thrun S, Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 2017; 542: 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21056
Sonthalia S, Yumeen S, Kaliyadan F, Dermoscopy a review and extra-diagnostic applications. Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
Li X, Moothanchery M, Kwa CY, Tan WL, Yew YW, Thng S, Dinish US, Attia ABE, Olivo M, Multispectral raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy differentiate lesional from non-lesional atopic dermatitis skin using structural and functional imaging markers. Photoacoustics. 2022; 28: 100399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100399
Gisondi P, Geat D, Conti A, Dapavo P, Piaserico S, De Simone C, ... & Girolomoni G, TNF-α inhibitors biosimilars as first line systemic treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 2020; 16(6): 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2020.1771182
Wride AM, Chen GF, Spaulding SL, Tkachenko E, Cohen JM, Biologics for psoriasis. Dermatologic Clinics. 2024; 42(3): 339–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2024.02.001
Seegräber M, Srour J, Walter A, Knop M, Wollenberg A, Dupilumab for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 2018; 11(5): 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2018.1449642
Kim RW, Lam M, Abuabara K, Simpson EL, Drucker AM, Targeted systemic therapies for adults with atopic dermatitis: selecting from biologics and JAK inhibitors. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2024; 25(2): 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-023-00837-w
Zouboulis CC, Okun MM, Prens EP, Gniadecki R, Foley PA, Lynde C, ..., Jemec GB, Long-term adalimumab efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: 3-year results of a phase 3 open-label extension study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2019; 80(1): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.040
Kimball AB, Jemec GB, Sayed CJ, Kirby JS, Prens E, Ingram JR, ..., Zouboulis CC, Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (BE HEARD I and BE HEARD II): two 48-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trials. The Lancet. 2024; 403(10443): 2504–2519. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00101-6
Jabbari A, Sansaricq F, Cerise J, Chen JC, Bitterman A, Ulerio G, ..., Mackay-Wiggan J, An open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate to severe patch-type alopecia areata, totalis, and universalis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2018; 138(7): 1539–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.032
Lee H, Park SH, Lew BL, Park H, The new era of JAK inhibitors: Impelling updates in Alopecia Areata Guideline. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology & Venereology. 2024; 38(7): e602–e606. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19765
Miot HA, Criado PR, Castro CCSD, Ianhez M, Talhari C, Ramos PM, JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors in dermatology. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2023; 98(5): 656–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.03.001
Gniadecki R, A decade of progress and innovation in dermatology. Frontiers in Medicine. 2025; 11: 1546471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1546471
Armstrong AW, Read C, Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. JAMA. 2020; 323: 1945–1960. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4006
Langley RG, Poulin Y, Srivastava B, Lafferty KP, Fakharzadeh S, Langholff W, et al. Reduced risk of mortality associated with systemic psoriasis treatment in the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR): a nested case-control analysis. Journal of American Academy of Dermatology. 2021; 84: 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.032
Andrabi M, Upton BA, Lang RA, Vemaraju S, An expanding role for nonvisual opsins in extraocular light sensing physiology. Annual Review of Vision Science. 2023; 9: 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-094018
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Elvina Murzina, Kateryna Bardova, Marharyta Patselia, Mariya Barinova, Yana Yurchyk (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.