Biosynthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Potential Usefulness in Cancer Research and Biotechnology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2025635Keywords:
synthesis routes, biomedical applications, electronic devices, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), energy storage and conversionAbstract
The wrapped graphene sheets are used to create cylindrical Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) which are carbon allotropes that have a nano-architecture. Graphene sheets are wrapped to create cylindrical carbon allotropes with a CNT nano-architecture. Considering the fascinating characteristics of CNTs has received a lot of interest from scientists throughout the years. Unique qualities such as the high degree of flexibility and the crucial length-to-diameter ratio with exceptional durability make it useful in many different applications. It is possible to modify the properties of CNTs by adjusting their distance, chirality, wall type, and time taken, which are dependent on the synthesis method. The numerous synthesis techniques for creating CNTs are in-depth discussed in this article. This study aims to investigate biosynthesis Carbon Nanoparticles (CNPs) with the eco-friendly methods and assess their use in biotechnology, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, etc. The review also includes descriptions of several characterization techniques. In addition, this study determines the principal or diverse biological synthesis approaches, physicochemical properties and functionalization methodologies of CNPs and their biocompatibility and prospects in biomedical and industrial applications. The use of CNTs in numerous technologically significant sectors is thoroughly covered. Finally, CNTs' potential features are discussed in light of their saleable use.
References
1. Nimushakavi S, Haque S, Kotcherlakota R, Patra CR. Biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes: recent development and future challenges. Nanoengineering of Biomaterials. 2022 Feb 14:353-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527832095.ch29
2. Majeed N, Panigrahi KC, Sukla LB, John R, Panigrahy M. Application of carbon nanomaterials in plant biotechnology. Materials today: proceedings. 2020 Jan 1;30: 340-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.618
3. Lee SH, Rho WY, Chang H, Lee JH, Kim J, Lee SH, Jun BH. Carbon nanomaterials for biomedical application. Nanotechnology for Bioapplications. 2021:257-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.024
4. Abd Elkodous M, Olojede SO, Sahoo S, Kumar R. Recent advances in modification of novel carbon-based composites: Synthesis, properties, and biotechnological/biomedical applications. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2023 Jul 1;379:110517.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110517
5. Mandal, T., Mishra, S.R. and Singh, V., 2023. Comprehensive advances in the synthesis, fluorescence mechanism and multifunctional applications of red-emitting carbon nanomaterials. Nanoscale Advances, 5(21), pp.5717-5765. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00447C
6. AlMalki FA, Khashan KS, Jabir MS, Hadi AA, Sulaiman GM, Abdulameer FA, Albukhaty S, Al-Karagoly H, Albaqami J. Eco‐friendly synthesis of carbon nanoparticles by laser ablation in water and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2022;2022(1):7927447.https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7927447
7. Xin X, Zhao F, Judy JD, He Z. Copper stress alleviation in corn (Zea mays L.): Comparative efficiency of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles. NanoImpact. 2022 Jan 1;25:100381.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2022.100381
8. Mohammed SA, Khashan KS, Jabir MS, Abdulameer FA, Sulaiman GM, Al-Omar MS, Mohammed HA, Hadi AA, Khan RA. Copper Oxide Nanoparticle‐Decorated Carbon Nanoparticle Composite Colloidal Preparation through Laser Ablation for Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Actions against Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF‐7. BioMed research international. 2022;2022(1):9863616.https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9863616
9. Liu Y, Xiao M, Liu S, Zhao X, Tian Y, Wang X. A novel oil-water microemulsion strategy for controllable synthesis of large mesoporous carbon nanoparticles. Carbon. 2022 Nov 5;200:361-74.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.08.073
10. Sonawane SS, Thakur PP, Malika M, Ali HM. Recent advances in the applications of green synthesized nanoparticle based nanofluids for the environmental remediation. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2023 Jan 1;24(1):188-98.https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201023666220411114620
11. Bowal K, Martin JW, Kraft M. Self-assembly of curved aromatic molecules in nanoparticles. Carbon. 2021 Sep 1;182:70-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.013
12. Wang C, Xie J, Dong X, Mei L, Zhao M, Leng Z, Hu H, Li L, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Clinically approved carbon nanoparticles with oral administration for intestinal radioprotection via protecting the small intestinal crypt stem cells and maintaining the balance of intestinal flora. Small. 2020 Apr;16(16):1906915.https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201906915
13. Lee K, Chae A, In I, Lee H, Park SY. Progress in internal/external stimuli responsive fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for theranostic and sensing applications.https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB03323K
14. Baz H, Creech M, Chen J, Gong H, Bradford K, Huo H. Water-soluble carbon nanoparticles improve seed germination and post-germination growth of lettuce under salinity stress. Agronomy. 2020 Aug 13;10(8):1192.https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081192
15. Samak DH, El-Sayed YS, Shaheen HM, El-Far AH, Abd El-Hack ME, Noreldin AE, El-Naggar K, Abdelnour SA, Saied EM, El-Seedi HR, Aleya L. Developmental toxicity of carbon nanoparticles during embryogenesis in chicken. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020 Jun; 27:19058-72.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3675-6
16. Holmannova D, Borsky P, Svadlakova T, Borska L, Fiala Z. Carbon nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Applied Sciences. 2022 Aug 5;12(15):7865. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157865
17. Qasim M, Clarkson AN, Hinkley SF. Green synthesis of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from biomass for biomedical applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Jan 5;24(2):1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021023
18. Lisik K, Krokosz A. Application of carbon nanoparticles in oncology and regenerative medicine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021 Aug 3;22(15):8341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158341
19. Bolshakova OI, Slobodina AD, Sarantseva SV. Carbon Nanoparticles as Promising Neuroprotectors: Pro et Contra. I. Functionalization and Toxicity. Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2022 Apr;17(2):132-40. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2635167622020057
20. Shekhawat GS, Mahawar L, Rajput P, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Singh RK. Role of engineered carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in promoting growth and metabolism of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: Insights into the biochemical and physiological responses. Plants. 2021 Jun 28;10(7):1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071317
21. Danish M, Al-Amin M, Rubaiee S, Parameswari RP, Abdul-Rani AM, Ahmed A, Yildirim MB. Investigation of coated 316L steel surface employing carbon nanotubes mixed-electrical discharge machining for biomedical applications. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 2025 Feb;239(1):348-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089231175058
22. Ravi SN, Rajendran S, Madhumathi GS, Packirisamy AS, Vallinayagam S, Khan AA, Malik A. Carbon nanomaterials: Pioneering innovations in bioimaging and biosensing technologies. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2024 Nov 15;1316:138987.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.138987
23. Zhao F, Zeng L, Jiang Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Guan L, Li D, Ren Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Carbon nanotube paper with different polymer composition for laser ablation propulsion. Optics Express. 2025 Jan 17;33(2):2687-701. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.547084
24. Heidarinassab S, Nyabadza A, Ahad IU, Brabazon D. Investigation of ablation efficiency and properties of silicon carbide nanoparticles synthesised using pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 2024 Sep 1; 180:108341.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108341
25. Rogala-Wielgus D, Zieliński A. Preparation and properties of composite coatings, based on carbon nanotubes, for medical applications. Carbon Letters. 2024 Mar;34(2):565-601.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00626-9
26. Sharma V, Soni V. Advancement in Carbon Nanoparticle Synthesis and Their Application: A Comprehensive Review. Carbon. 2024;12(74):78.https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20241201.11
27. Wang Y, Wen Y, Su W, Fu W, Wang CH. Carbon deposition behavior on biochar during chemical vapor deposition process. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2024 Apr 1;485:149726.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149726
28. Rao AS, Sannakashappanavar BS, Jayarama A, Pinto R. Study of rectifying properties and true Ohmic contact on Sn doped V2O5 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis method. Results in Chemistry. 2024 Jan 1;7:101533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101533
29. Madanka R.S., 2024. Conventional and green synthesis techniques of carbon nanotubes and its environmental/biomedical applications. Materials Research Foundations, 169.https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903261-8
30. Paul S, Bhoumick MC, Mitra S. Fouling Reduction and Thermal Efficiency Enhancement in Membrane Distillation Using a Bilayer-Fluorinated Alkyl Silane–Carbon Nanotube Membrane. Membranes. 2024 Jul 10;14(7):152.https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14070152.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Priyanka Samal, Jagdish Gohil, Kailas Datkhile, Shriya Mahajan , Abhinav Mishra , Madireddy Sirisha (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
