Old title: Microbial Trends and Antibiotic Susceptibility in ICU-Admitted Patients: A Hospital-Based Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2025609Keywords:
Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Antibiotic, Microbial Trends, Infections, BacteriaAbstract
Healthcare practitioners can adjust treatment plans, choose efficient antimicrobial agents, enhance patient outcomes, reduce antibiotic-resistant strains and ultimately improve patient outcomes by keeping an observation on microbial trends and antibiotic susceptibility in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admitted patients. In the research, antibiotic susceptibility and microbial trends in ICU patients were investigated in hospital. The research is to examine antibiotic susceptibility and microbiological trends in ICU patients. It aims to understand how often such infections develop, and what happens next among a group of 312 high-risk patients in medical care. It also reveals the type of appropriate treatment plans that tells the levels of antibiotic resistance and identifies the most frequent microbial patterns. Research findings are expected to improve practical methodologies for operations of a clinical setting, to inform the lawmakers, and ensure that antibiotics remain useful in hard for more time. However, the research provides some insights into antibiotic susceptibility and microbiological profile in ICU. It can also be used as a framework for clinical processes that are to take place, decisions that are to be made in legislation, and reasons that can prompt further research to ensure long term effectiveness of antibiotics in the ICU is achieved.
References
1. Morris S, Cerceo E. Trends, epidemiology, and management of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in the hospitalized setting. Antibiotics. 2020 Apr 20;9(4):196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040196
2. Zhao C, Kelly K, Jabbur ML, Paguaga M, Behringer M, Johnson CH. Host circadian behaviors exert only weak selective pressure on the gut microbiome under stable conditions but are critical for recovery from antibiotic treatment. PLoS Biology. 2022 Nov 9;20(11):e3001865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001865
3. Butler MS, Gigante V, Sati H, Paulin S, Al-Sulaiman L, Rex JH, Fernandes P, Arias CA, Paul M, Thwaites GE, Czaplewski L. Analysis of the clinical pipeline of treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections: despite progress, more action is needed. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2022 Mar 15;66(3):e01991-21.https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01991-21
4. Timsit JF, Bassetti M, Cremer O, Daikos G, De Waele J, Kallil A et al. Rationalizing antimicrobial therapy in the ICU: a narrative review. Intensive care medicine. 2019 Feb 27;45:172-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05520-5
5. Morrison L, Zembower TR. Antimicrobial resistance. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics. 2020 Oct 1;30(4):619-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2020.06.004
6. Kipsang F, Munyiva J, Menza N, Musyoki A. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii infections: Antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factors for acquisition in a Kenyan intensive care unit. IJID regions. 2023 Dec 1;9:111-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.10.007
7. Koju S, Chaudhary NK, Adhikari S, Adhikari K. Antibiotic Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from the ICU Admitted Patients Attending Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2022 Aug 20;2(3):44-9.https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47748
8. Kalita D, Sarma RK, Sharma KR, Deka S. High proportion of drug-resistant isolates in adult community-acquired pneumonia from Northeast India: A hospital-based study. Lung India: Official Organ of Indian Chest Society. 2021 Sep;38(5):460. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Flungindia.lungindia_978_20
9. Esmaeilnia M, Saffari M, Rashki S, Marzhoseyni Z, Khaledi A, Moosavi GA, et al. Molecular typing of clinical and environmental isolates of Klebsiellapneumoniae producing ESBLs by PFGE. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2022 Feb;25(2):208. https://doi.org/10.22038%2FIJBMS.2022.58445.12981
10. Ngan TT, Quan TA, Quang LM, Vinh VH, Duc CM, Nguyet HT, Tu NT, Khanh NH, Long LB, Hue NH, Hung DT. Review of antibiotic prescriptions as part of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results from a pilot implementation at two provincial-level hospitals in Viet Nam. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 2023 Feb 1;5(1):dlac144.https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlac144
11. Gandor NH, Amr GE, EldinAlgammal SM, Ahmed AA. Characterization of carbapenem-resistant k. pneumoniae isolated from intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospitals. Antibiotics. 2022 Aug 16;11(8):1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081108
12. Kernéis S, Lucet JC. Controlling the diffusion of multidrug-resistant organisms in intensive care units. InSeminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019 Aug (Vol. 40, No. 04, pp. 558-568). Thieme Medical Publishers.DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696980
13. Mohamed Gandor NH, Amr GE, EldinAlgammal SM, Ahmed AA. Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant K. Pneumoniae Isolated from Intensive Care Units of Zagazig University Hospitals. Antibiotics (2079-6382). 2022 Aug 1;11(8). https://doi.org/10.5005%2Fjp-journals-10071-23162
14. Montrucchio G, Sales G, Corcione S, Curtoni A, Urbino R, Brazzi L et al. Providing background for antimicrobial stewardship strategy using costs data: a mission impossible? Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. 2022;6:21-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jeccm-22-27
15. Teoli J, Amour S, Dananché C, Dauwalder O, Gerbier-Colomban S, Mauranne CC, et al. Trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria involved in ventilator-associated pneumonia as the first hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units between 2003 and 2016 in Lyon, France. American Journal of Infection Control. 2021 Nov 1;49(11):1454-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.04.078
16. Serra-Burriel M, Campillo-Artero C, Agodi A, Barchitta M, López-Casasnovas G. Association between antibiotic resistance in intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired infections and excess resource utilization: Evidence from Spain, Italy, and Portugal. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2022 Oct;43(10):1360-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2021.429
17. Drobish IC, Barasa IK, Otieno G, Osoo MO, Thuo SK, Belknap KS, et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and association with patient outcomes in a rural Kenyan hospital. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2023 Jun;108(6):1227. https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.22-0311
18. Meschiari M, Onorato L, Bacca E, Orlando G, Menozzi M, Franceschini E et al. Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-hospital antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance: a time series analysis (2015–2021). Antibiotics. 2022 Jun 20;11(6):826. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060826
19. Ruckmani K. The Bacteriological Profile and Common Bacterial Infection in Orthopaedic Surgeries with Special Reference to Implants: A Prospective study in Tertiary Care Hospital (Doctoral dissertation, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur).
20. Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Cantón R. COVID-19: Impact on prescribing and antimicrobial resistance. Revista Española de Quimioterapia. 2021;34(Suppl1):63. https://doi.org/10.37201%2Freq%2Fs01.19.2021
21. Hafiz TA, Aldawood E, Albloshi A, Alghamdi SS, Mubaraki MA, Alyami AS, Aldriwesh MG. Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia Epidemiology, Resistance Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes: Understanding of the Recent Three Years’ Trends. Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 18;10(12):2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122506
22. Gerbier-Colomban S, Zorio V, Monard C, Arnal S, Arnaud Friggeri MD, Lepape A, et al. Trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria involved in ventilator-associated pneumonia as the first hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units between 2003 and 2016 in Lyon, France. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.04.078
23. Segawa I, Ssebambulidde K, Kiiza D, Mukonzo J. Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing Using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method; Limited Utility in Ugandan Hospitals.
24. Nassar MS, Hazzah WA, Bakr WM. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility test results: how guilty a laboratory could be?. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. 2019 Dec;94:1-5.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-018-0006-1
25. Tekele SG, Teklu DS, Tullu KD, Birru SK, Legese MH. Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamases producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 12;15(11):e0241984.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241984.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Kalaivani Ramakrishnan, Shakti Bedanta Mishra, Jasdeep Monga, Paramjit Baxi, Kothakonda Sairam, Jaspreet Sidhu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
