Emotional Intelligence and its Relationship to Self-Regulation in Individual Sports

Authors

  • Roman Gakh Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Sports, West Ukrainian National University. Ternopil, Ukraine. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-3102
  • Roman Tsykvas Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Sports, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, West Ukrainian National University. Ternopil, Ukraine. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-9100
  • Eduard Maliar Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Sports, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, West Ukrainian National University. Ternopil, Ukraine. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-5642
  • Serhii Korniienko Department of Theory and Methods of Olympic and Professional Sports, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Ternopil, Ukraine. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-3166
  • Borys Khomulenko Department of Practical Psychology, Educational and Scientific Institute “Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy”, Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazin. Kharkiv, Ukraine. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-1690

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2024.336

Keywords:

Sport, Self-Regulation, Psychology, Motivation, Emotional Intelligence

Abstract

Introduction: sports achievements in contemporary conditions rely not only on physical training but also on integrating innovative psychological training methods. This article aims to analyse the connection between emotional intelligence levels and self-regulation skills in athletes engaged in individual sports.

Method: a correlational research design was employed, making it ideal for examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-regulation in individual sports. This approach allowed for the analysis of real sports scenarios, using statistical tools to summarise empirical findings, and applying comparison methods to highlight differences.

Results: findings reveal that athletes in individual sports generally exhibit average emotional intelligence, reflecting moderate adaptability to extreme professional situations. The highest levels of emotional intelligence are observed in gymnasts and martial arts practitioners. Athletes in tennis and swimming demonstrate average levels. Those engaged in karate and swimming display superior emotional awareness and empathy. The data also confirm that emotional intelligence is a critical predictor for self-regulation under stress. Key components of emotional intelligence include emotional awareness, stress management, and adaptability. Practical applications for enhancing emotional intelligence involve developing specialised programmes, providing individual psychological support, and integrating psycho-emotional training with general athletic programmes.

Conclusions: the study underscores the importance of fostering psychologically resilient environments to enable athletes to achieve their goals effectively.

References

1. Antonopoulou H. The Value of Emotional Intelligence: Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation, and Empathy as Key Components. Tech Educ Humanit [Internet]. 2024 Apr 11 [cited 2024 Dec 23];8:78-92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47577/teh.v8i.9719

2. Dumčienė A. Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-Being, and Self-Control of Athletic and Non-Athletic Postgraduates. Pedagogika [Internet]. 2021 Jan 31 [cited 2024 Dec 23];140(4):77-93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2020.140.5

3. Bakker AB, de Vries JD. Job Demands-Resources theory and self-regulation: new explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety Stress AmpCoping [Internet]. 2020 Aug 28 [cited 2024 Dec 23];34(1):1-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1797695

4. Cañabate D, Santos M, Rodríguez D, Serra T, Colomer J. Emotional Self-Regulation through Introjective Practices in Physical Education. Educ Sci [Internet]. 2020 Aug 13 [cited 2024 Dec 23];10(8):208. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10080208

5. Cheng MY, Zhang RX, Wang MJ, Chang MY. Relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coronary heart disease: an empirical examination of heart rate variability and coronary stenosis. Psychol Amp Health [Internet]. 2021 Jan 12 [cited 2024 Dec 23]:1-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1859112

6. Barney D, Prusak KA, Davis L. Developing Social-Emotional Learning in Physical Education Through Appropriate Instructional Practices. J Phys Educ Recreat Amp Dance [Internet]. 2021 Nov 22 [cited 2024 Dec 23];92(9):33-41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2021.1977740

7. Gunawardena DN. Review on Emotional Intelligence Related Personality Traits and its Impact for Professional Contexts. Int J Adv Res Technol [Internet]. 2018 Jul 25 [cited 2024 Dec 23];7(7):176-87. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14299/ijoart.07.07.011

8. Halian I, Kurova A, Stepanenko L, Semenov O, Semenova N. Comparison analysis of the correlation between emotional stability and mental health parameters in athletes of different skill levels. Rev Amazon Investig [Internet]. 2022 Aug 30 [cited 2024 Dec 23];11(54):65-75. Available from: https://doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.54.06.7

9. Fuentealba-Urra S, Rubio A, González-Carrasco M, Oyanedel JC, Céspedes-Carreno C. Mediation effect of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between physicalactivity and subjective well-being in Chilean adolescents. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2023 Aug 17 [cited 2024 Dec 23];13(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39843-7

10. Dugué M, Sirost O, Dosseville F. A literature review of emotional intelligence and nursing education. Nurse Educ Pract [Internet]. 2021 Jul [cited 2024 Dec 23];54:103124. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103124

11. Shariatpanahi G, Asadabadi M, Rahmani A, Effatpanah M, Ghazizadeh Esslami G. The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Burnout Aspects in Medical Students: An Iranian Research. Educ Res Int [Internet]. 2022 Jun 29 [cited 2024 Dec 23];2022:1-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5745124

12. Iqbal J, Qureshi N, Ashraf MA, Rasool SF, Asghar MZ. The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Social Networking Sites on Academic Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag [Internet]. 2021 Jun [cited 2024 Dec 23];Vol 14:905-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s316664

13. Marheni E, S A, Purnomo E, Nina J, Cahyani FI. Integrating Emotional Intelligence and Mental Education in Sports to Improve Personal Resilience of Adolescents. Retos [Internet]. 2023 Oct 21 [cited 2024 Dec 23];51:649-56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101053

14. Kopp A, Reichert M, Jekauc D. Trait and Ability Emotional Intelligence and Its Impact on Sports Performance of Athletes. Sports [Internet]. 2021 May 10 [cited 2024 Dec 23];9(5):60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9050060

15. Krap A, Bataiev S, Bobro N, Kozub V, Hlevatska N. Examination of digital advancements: Their influence on modern corporate management methods and approaches. Multidiscip Rev [Internet]. 2024 Jun 12 [cited 2024 Dec 23];7:2024spe026. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024spe026

16. Rodriguez-Romo G, Blanco-Garcia C, Diez-Vega I, Acebes-Sánchez J. Emotional Intelligence of Undergraduate Athletes: The Role of SportsExperience. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2021 Jan 28 [cited 2024 Dec 23];12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609154

17. Dumciene A, Sipaviciene S. The Role of Gender in Association between Emotional Intelligence and Self-Control among University Student-Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Nov 11 [cited 2024 Dec 23];18(22):11819. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211819

18. Chellig A, Azzi K, Bakdi M. Government Spending and Industrial Sector Performance in Algeria: Using the ARDL Approach. Futurity Economics&Law [Internet]. 2024 Oct 2 [cited 2024 Dec 23];4(4):83-106. Available from: https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.12.25.05

19. Mon-López D, Blanco-García C, Acebes-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Romo G, Marquina M, Martín-Castellanos A, de la Rubia A, Cordente Martínez C, Oliván Mallén J, Garrido-Muñoz M. Emotional Intelligence in Spanish Elite Athletes: Is There a Differential Factor between Sports? Sports [Internet]. 2023 Aug 18 [cited 2024 Dec 23];11(8):160. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11080160

20. Çeti̇ n S, Adi̇ loğullari İ, Şenel E. The relationship between self-efficacy and self-confidence: The mediating role of emotional intelligence: A study in elite athletes. Int J Sport Exerc Amp Train Sci [Internet]. 2021 Dec 15 [cited 2024 Dec 23]:155-62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.996027

21. Wang K, Yang Y, Zhang T, Ouyang Y, Liu B, Luo J. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Emotional Intelligence in College Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 9 [cited 2024 Dec 23];11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00967

22. Sukys S, Tilindienė I, Cesnaitiene VJ, Kreivyte R. Does Emotional Intelligence Predict Athletes’ Motivation to Participate in Sports? Percept Mot Ski Internet]. 2019 Jan 21 [cited 2024 Dec 23];126(2):305-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512518825201

23. Rico-González M. Developing Emotional Intelligence through Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Percept Mot Ski [Internet]. 2023 Mar 24 [cited 2024 Dec 23]: 003151252311651. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125231165162

24. Sapkota M. Metaphysics of Nihilism: A Philosophical Critique. Futurity Philosophy [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 7 [cited 2024 Dec. 31];3(4):113-28. Available from: https://futurity-philosophy.com/index.php/FPH/article/view/130

25. Aravind R, Gupta S, RA GS. A pilot study on emotional intelligence & its impact on pre-competitive anxiety: How does it operate in the non-WEIRD Indian sport context? Int J Physiol Nutr Phys Educ [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Dec 23];7(1):08-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22271/journalofsport.2022.v7.i1a.2407

26. Yurko I, Riabtsev D. The Role of Investment, Innovation and Efficient Use of Resources in Ensuring Long-Term Economic Sustainability. LBSHerald [Internet]. 2024 Feb. 25 [cited 2024 Dec. 23];4(1):4-20. Available from: https://lbsherald.org/index.php/journal/article/view/62.

27. Krajniak MI, Pievsky M, Eisen AR, McGrath RE. The relationship between personality disorder traits, emotional intelligence, and college adjustment. J Clin Psychol [Internet]. 2017 Dec 20 [cited 2024 Dec 23];74(7):1160-73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22572

28. Kozlovskyi S, Kulinich T, Vechirko I, Lavrov R, Zayukov I, Mazur H. Relationship between net migration and economic development of European countries: Empirical conclusions. Probl Perspect Manag [Internet]. 2024 Mar 18 [cited 2024 Dec 23];22(1):605-18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(1).2024.48

29. Fernandez-Perez V, Martin-Rojas R. Emotional competencies as drivers of management students’ academic performance: The moderating effects of cooperative learning. Int J Manag Educ [Internet]. 2022 Mar [cited 2024 Dec 23];20(1):100600. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100600

30. Tatsi V, Selemidi E, Ypsilanti C, Venetsanou F. Emotional intelligence in acrobatic gymnastics: how important is the athletic profile? Facta Univ Ser [Internet]. 2022 Sep 30 [cited 2024 Dec 23]:123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22190/fupes220410011t

31. Mercader-Rubio I, Ángel NG, Silva S, Furtado G, Brito-Costa S. Intrinsic Motivation: Knowledge, Achievement, and Experimentation in Sports Science Students-Relationships with Emotional Intelligence. Behav Sci [Internet]. 2023 Jul 14 [cited 2024 Dec 23];13(7):589. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070589

32. Tamminen KA, Kim J, Danyluck C, McEwen CE, Wagstaff CR, Wolf SA. The effect of self- and interpersonal emotion regulation on athletes’ anxiety and goal achievement in competition. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 2021 Nov [cited 2024 Dec 23];57:102034. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102034

33. Trotter MG, Obine EA, Sharpe BT. Self-regulation, stress appraisal, and esport action performance. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2023 Oct 10 [cited 2024 Dec 23];14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265778

34. Safarli C. Considering Globalisation Risks in the Formation and Implementation of International Investment Strategies. Pak J Life Soc Sci (PJLSS) [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 23];22(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.2.00776

35. Orlova I, Abramchuk O, Babik I, Borysiuk I, Dats-Opoka M. Future Trends in Genetic Research and Their Implications for Public Health: A Literature Review. Futurity Medicine [Internet]. 2024 Sep. 17 [cited 2024 Dec. 31];3(4). Available from: https://futurity-medicine.com/index.php/fm/article/view/136

36. Kumar N. Innovative Approaches of E-Learning in College Education: Global Experience. E-Learning Innovations Journal [Internet]. 2024 Sep 25 [cited 2024 Dec 23];2(2):36-51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.57125/elij.2024.09.25.03

37. Semigina T, Vysotska Z, Kyianytsia I, Kotlova L, Shostak I, Kichuk A. Psycho-Emotional State Of Students: Research And Regulation. Stud Appl Econ [Internet]. 2021 Feb 10 [cited 2024 Dec 23];38(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v38i4.4049

38. Fidel WWS, Cuicapusa EEM, Espilco POV. Managerial Accounting and its Impact on Decision Making in a small company in the food sector in West Lima. Edu - Tech Enterprise 2024;2:8–8. https://doi.org/10.71459/edutech20248.

39. Hameli K, Ordun G. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational commitment. Eur J Manag Stud [Internet]. 2022 May 31 [cited 2024 Dec 23]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/ejms-05-2021-0033

40. Machaca MH. Relationship between physical activity and quality of work life in accountancy professionals: A literature review. Edu - Tech Enterprise 2024;2:13–13. https://doi.org/10.71459/edutech202413.

41. You M, Laborde S, Zammit N, Iskra M, Borges U, Dosseville F, Vaughan RS. Emotional Intelligence Training: Influence of a Brief Slow-Paced Breathing Exercise on Psychophysiological Variables Linked to Emotion Regulation. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Jun 20 [cited 2024 Dec 23];18(12):6630. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126630

42. Romero-Carazas R. Collection Management Model for Late Payment Control in the Basic Education Institutions. Edu - Tech Enterprise 2024;2:12–12. https://doi.org/10.71459/edutech202412.

43. Cattani KP. Encyclopedia of Sport Management [Internet]. [place unknown]: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2024. Emotional intelligence; [cited 2024 Dec 23]; p. 300-1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317189.ch176

Downloads

Published

2024-12-15

How to Cite

1.
Gakh R, Tsykvas R, Maliar E, Korniienko S, Khomulenko B. Emotional Intelligence and its Relationship to Self-Regulation in Individual Sports. Health Leadership and Quality of Life [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 15 [cited 2025 Aug. 24];3:.336. Available from: https://hl.ageditor.ar/index.php/hl/article/view/336