Assessing the Effectiveness of Health Promotion in Enhancing Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and debilitating condition that adversely affects patients’ quality of life (QoL). While health promotion interventions, particularly self-management strategies, are widely acknowledged as potential tools for improving QoL in HF patients, existing studies have yielded mixed results, with limited evidence on long-term effectiveness. Prior research on health promotion interventions for HF patients often suffers from small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and inconsistent measures of QoL. Furthermore, many studies have not fully integrated multidimensional approaches, considering both physical and psychosocial aspects of health. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with sixty HF patients and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (int grp) or a control group (Ctrl grp) through stratified block sampling. The int grp received a six-stage self-management promotion model, encompassing education on medication adherence, physical activity, dietary modifications, and psychosocial support. QoL was assessed using the structuredquestionnaire for HF patients at three-time points: baseline, immediate post-intervention, and one-month post-intervention. Statistical analysis involving ANOVA revealed significant improvement in the socioeconomic subscale scores of the HF questionnaire within the int grp. However, no significant differences were observed between the int grp and ctrl grp across the other subscales or the overall QoL score at any of the three-time points (p < 0.05). The self-management promotion model results in significant improvements in the overall QoL of HF patients.